Java vs C :: Essays Papers

Java vs C1Java or C++ Which is Better for Businesses? Today, the world is changing immediate in many ways, and the most rapid change that is seen within our society is technology. It is imperative that businesses stay on top of what is new and how they can better their confederations outlook by presenting their information in the fastest and most reliable ways. With the two major ready reckoner programming languages of today, C++ and Java, which is better for businesses to be able to acquire such speed and consis tency? For years, C++ (C Plus Plus) has dominated the business market place for many different companies and has allowed many computer programmers to obtain vast amounts of knowledge and experience since 1972 when it was first developed by Dennis Ritchie of AT&T Bell Laboratories (Lambert / Nance Page 16). It has been in use for close to thirty years not to mention the years before when its precursor C was developed and commonly used also and has made a great impact on the development of software for business across the world. It has become a second nature programming language to those that use it and leave been forced to stay with C++. The programming language C++ can be used in many ways. It has exploded into the gaming community allowing PC game programmers to have access to a stabile, yet powerful, programming language, utilizing as little code as possible. It has also been used in other(a) commercialised software, such as word processors, audio players, screen savers, and other computer desktop tools. Recently C++ has made its way into the Internet community. For over ten years, business have used C++ for their Internet needs, for example, sending and receiving important data pertaining to their business across the Internet and allowing it to quickly and safely reach the other end of communication and all in one piece. With the high demands of todays Internet users, whether it be an online shopper or one that desires to seek information on a certain topic, it is essential that the information can be sent from the user, to the server, and then back again as swiftly as possible and with boundary dependability all, of course, without the loss of security. It has been this reason that C++ has stayed on top of the business world, allowing for speed, stability, security, and ease of use all for one computer programming language.

Crash by Jerry Spinelli :: Jerry Spinelli Crash

Crash by Jerry SpinelliSetting This book starts out in this kids house his bring out is crash. Then they go to the arcade. That is where they spend most of the apologue. Then close to the end they go to the riverside.Main Character Crash he is the only one mentioned in this whole book. He is the main main character. He is tall has blonde hair, brown eyes, and has glasses. He has a funny personality. He just wants to have fun. On the outside he is a weird, tall, skinny guy on the outside but a lost, hopeless, scared boy on the inside.Winnie is the girl that Crash likes hunchs dearly. She neer paid much attention to Crash though. She has dirty blonde hair, really pretty blue eyes and, and is really funny. Plot Summary This is a story about a kid named Crash. When he was four he met this boy named James but that was all that was told about him so I didnt seat his name in the character list because he wasnt all that important. He and Crash got into a lot of trouble at their house I mean a lot so one day when they were 12 and 13 Crashs mother kicked him and his friend James out to go to the arcade. There they met this girl Winnie that crash liked I mean loved dearly but, she never really realized him until that day when they went to the arcade. There he got into this voluminous fight with the a big strong guy named Biff that was all said about him too. The guy Biff was Winnies really greedy confrere which she was only going out with because he threatened to kill her friends. That day Crash accidentally bumped into Biff and said excuse me and Biff punched him he thus kicked Biff in the face since he knew karate then Biff fell to the ground and chased him until Crash jumped over James on to a punt and did a back flip kicking Biff in the face again and knocking him out.After that Winnie was amazed and fell deeply in love with Crash. For being the only person to stand up to Biff and saved her from him. After that whole big incident at the arcade they were kicke d out so he, James, Jamess girlfriend, and Winnie all went to the river side.

Plagiarism :: Ethics Writing

Day by day, people become having much greed. We notice that they try to cheat or steal anything to achieve their goals. Nowadays, big companies are specialized only to imitate products, without permissions by the manufacturing companies, such as car spare parts, clothes and shoes. Likewise so many writers commit buccaneering because they merely think about their own good, while they do not think about the consequences. The way of paying the harm of this kind of crime depends on the reaction of the original writers or the organizations investigating their laws to protect copyright.First, plagiarizing students must be expelled. Many students are not well aware of the strict law preventing them to use even some statements from other resources without citation or quotation. accord to the website Hamptonroads.com, the student Allison Routman, studying in the U.Va. Shipboard program, was accused of plagiarism when she borrowed some phrases from Wikipedia.com to support her outline as signment of the movie Europa Europa. Even though, she claimed that nobody had explained anything relating to plagiarism and said she did not made up as the other students who confessed that they did write from some sources because she did think she was working well on her homework, the officials and her teacher did not admit her apology. They said this was her fault because she was supposed to read the documents including the honor-code of the university they gave her in the beginning of the summer semester. Finally she was victim of plagiarism nonetheless she did not intend that. (1) In addition, plagiarizing writers might be sued by courts. Some writers may not only do copying the whole structure, but also lead to bad reputation by falsifying the real purpose of the original writing from serious to nonsense. According to the Telegraph.co.uk, the former English teacher Dan Brown, 39 years old, plagiarized the architecture of two books, The Holy Blood and The Holy Grail of the wr iters Baigent, Leigh and Lincoln, converting their serious ideas, which discuss the hypothesis of Jesus marriage with Magdalene and their distinct, to comedian story describing a professor at Harvard tried among conspiracy to stop Jesus to marry Magdalene. They did a long inquiry for six years to write these books and to sell two million copies, and finally after twenty years Dan Brown ripped them off and sold much more copies. These authors except Lincoln insisted to claim to the court because they are convinced that there is no way to hush up.

Tragic Redemption of King Lear Essay -- King Lear essays

The Tragic repurchase of tabby Lear Shakespeares ultimate Tr get on withdy, male monarch Lear, is indeed a dark and soul-harrowing play. The tragical insaneness of King Lear, and of the subsequent turmoil that follows from it, is all the more terrible for the kings inability to cope with the loss of his mind, his family, and his pride. This descent into horror culminates at the tragic conclusion, where some(prenominal) the liberal and the guilty die for others mistakes and lack of judgment. And yet, as bleak and dirty as the final scene is, all is non lost is misery. Many fetch died, and those that catch ones breath - the new generation - believe that The oldest hath borne most we that are young/Shall never see so much, nor live so long. (V.iii.326), understanding that a grand age has passed, and that they must now pick up the pieces and try to continue on. However, among the conclusion and despair, their have been powerful instances of change and transformati on. Though the ending of King Lear is, indeed, grim and terrible, and King Lear himself dies miserable and in agony, their nevertheless remains a message of hope among all the death, there are clear signs of redemption1. This redemption is integral to the stratum of King Lear, though Lear is non the only one to undergo this process. Indeed, many of the main characters, from Edmund to Gloucester to Cordelia are transformed in the end it is the tragedy of the play that they do not survive their redemption. However, to understand their change, it is important to know from whence they came, and what caused them, what forced them, to submit to this painful and bitter process. The impetus is, of course, the gradually escalating madness of the king. One layabout not clearly state that King... ...ty. Still firmly in the grips of madness, grasping at the faint hopes that Cordelia still lives, he must still feel the death and agony that surrounds him. He may die a better ma n, a redeemed man, but he dies an unhappy one.Works CitedAggeler, Geoffrey. Good Pity in King Lear the approach of Edgar. Neophilologus 77 (1993) 321-331.Kermode, Frank. King Lear. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G.B.Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. 1249-54.Muir, Kenneth, ed. King Lear. London Methuen & Co, 1972Partee, Morriss Henry. Edgar and the Ending of King Lear. Studia Neophilologica 63 (1991) 175-180.Notes 1. It was Bradley who suggested that the play be called The Redemption of King Lear. (Muir, 1iii) 1It was Bradley who suggested that the play be called The Redemption of King Lear. (Muir, 1iii) Tragic Redemption of King Lear Essay -- King Lear essaysThe Tragic Redemption of King Lear Shakespeares ultimate Tragedy, King Lear, is indeed a dark and soul-harrowing play. The tragic madness of King Lear, and of the subsequent turmoil that follows from it, is all the more terrible for the kings inability to cope with the loss of his mind, his family, and his pride. This descent into horror culminates at the tragic conclusion, where both the innocent and the guilty die for others mistakes and lack of judgment. And yet, as bleak and grim as the final scene is, all is not lost is misery. Many have died, and those that remain - the new generation - believe that The oldest hath borne most we that are young/Shall never see so much, nor live so long. (V.iii.326), understanding that a great age has passed, and that they must now pick up the pieces and try to continue on. However, among the death and despair, their have been powerful instances of change and transformation. Though the ending of King Lear is, indeed, grim and terrible, and King Lear himself dies miserable and in agony, their nevertheless remains a message of hope among all the death, there are clear signs of redemption1. This redemption is integral to the story of King Lear, though Lear is not the only one to undergo this process. Indeed, many of the main characters, from Edmund to Gloucester to Cordelia are transformed in the end it is the tragedy of the play that they do not survive their redemption. However, to understand their change, it is important to know from whence they came, and what caused them, what forced them, to submit to this painful and bitter process. The impetus is, of course, the gradually escalating madness of the king. One can not clearly state that King... ...ty. Still firmly in the grips of madness, grasping at the faint hopes that Cordelia still lives, he must still feel the death and torment that surrounds him. He may die a better man, a redeemed man, but he dies an unhappy one.Works CitedAggeler, Geoffrey. Good Pity in King Lear the Progress of Edgar. Neophilologus 77 (1993) 321-331.Kermode, Frank. King Lear. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G.B.Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. 1249-54.Muir, Kenneth, ed. King Lear. London Methuen & Co, 1972Parte e, Morriss Henry. Edgar and the Ending of King Lear. Studia Neophilologica 63 (1991) 175-180.Notes 1. It was Bradley who suggested that the play be called The Redemption of King Lear. (Muir, 1iii) 1It was Bradley who suggested that the play be called The Redemption of King Lear. (Muir, 1iii)

A Human For Nature Essay example -- Essays Papers

A Human For NatureWhen looking at the issue of humans and nature throughout history, atomic number 53 significant figure stands out in my mind Theodore Roosevelt. Without him, the most beautiful and serene places in North America may have been destroyed or fallen to the hands of developers. Development and conservation of land have been issues that we have faced since Europeans first landed in America. Today, environmental issues are a consult that any contending political candidate must address. In focusing on Theodore Roosevelt, we will find a basis for preservation in America. We will to a fault explore some of the preservation actions that take place in our world today. The original forests in the United States covered an extremely large amount of land. It is estimated that forests took up roughly 1 billion acres of land, including Alaska5. The first to manipulate the land were the Native Americans who used tools and fire to convert the land to their needs. Areas were cleared f or villages and growing crops mend acres were also burned to make travel easier and improve hunting conditions. As Europeans arrived on the continent, the lands changed even more dramatically. The Colonists saw the forest as both(prenominal) a never ending resource, and an obstacle for using the land for farming purposes. Still, lumber quickly became one of Americas first exports along with hide which also depended heavily on the forest. As time passed, the population of America grew very rapidly. With a growing population more and more forests were converted for awkward purposes. By the 1840s Manifest Destiny had become popular, and the government thought transfer of public lands to private ownership as the best way to hire the continents many resources. Around t... ...f thinking as he stated, The lands that I have worked to set aside are not for my purpose, I did it for my children.Bibliography1 Collins, Michael L. That damned puncher Theodore Roosevelt and the American We st. New York P. Lang, 1989.2 Eaton, Pamela. Setting Aside Pieces of the Wild. Denver Post, 21 February 1999, sec.C, p. 1-4. Database on-line. Available from Lexis-Nexis. 3 Kriz, Margaret. Much Less Awful. The National Journal, 16 January 1999, sec. Environment, p. 96. Database on-line. Available from Lexis-Nexis.4 Lorant, Stefan. The Life & Times of Theodore Roosevelt. 1st edition. New York Double Day, 1959.5 Locke, Timm. The state of the forest an historical perspective. Information Access Company, 1997. Thompson Corporation Company. Database on-line. Available from Lexis- Nexis Academic Universe.

A Human For Nature Essay example -- Essays Papers

A Human For NatureWhen looking at the issue of humans and nature throughout history, one significant simulacrum stands out in my mind Theodore Roosevelt. Without him, the most beautiful and serene places in North America may have been destroyed or fallen to the pass on of developers. Development and conservation of land have been issues that we have faced since Europeans first landed in America. Today, environmental issues are a concern that any contending semipolitical candidate must address. In focusing on Theodore Roosevelt, we will find a basis for preservation in America. We will excessively explore or so of the preservation actions that take place in our world today. The original forests in the United States covered an extremely large amount of land. It is estimated that forests took up roughly 1 billion acres of land, including Alaska5. The first to manipulate the land were the Native Americans who used tools and fire to convert the land to their needs. Areas were cleared for villages and growing crops while acres were also burned to make travel easier and improve hunting conditions. As Europeans arrived on the continent, the lands changed even more dramatically. The Colonists saw the forest as both a neer ending resource, and an obstacle for using the land for farming purposes. Still, lumber quickly became one of Americas first exports along with fur which also depended firmly on the forest. As time passed, the population of America grew very rapidly. With a growing population more and more forests were converted for agricultural purposes. By the 1840s Manifest Destiny had become popular, and the government thought transfer of public lands to private ownership as the best way to utilize the continents many resources. approximately t... ...f thinking as he stated, The lands that I have worked to set aside are not for my purpose, I did it for my children.Bibliography1 Collins, Michael L. That damned cowboy Theodore Roosevelt and the American Wes t. invigorated York P. Lang, 1989.2 Eaton, Pamela. Setting Aside Pieces of the Wild. Denver Post, 21 February 1999, sec.C, p. 1-4. Database on-line. Available from Lexis-Nexis. 3 Kriz, Margaret. Much Less Awful. The National Journal, 16 January 1999, sec. Environment, p. 96. Database on-line. Available from Lexis-Nexis.4 Lorant, Stefan. The Life & generation of Theodore Roosevelt. 1st edition. New York Double Day, 1959.5 Locke, Timm. The state of the forest an historical perspective. Information Access Company, 1997. Thompson Corporation Company. Database on-line. Available from Lexis- Nexis Academic Universe.

Origins of Classic Rock

Origins of classical carry BY Dhank22 The Origins Of Classic throw off The Classic Rock format features music ranging from the late 1960s to the late 1980s with a primary focus on Hard Rock, Blues Rock, and Folk Rock popularized in the 1970s. The classic rock format evolved from AOR radio stations that played popular rock albums from the 60s and 70s to present date. One of the Original AOR stations which spawned Classic Rock as we know it today was Clevelands Classic Rock. This Famous radio station mixed oldies and AOR station playlists to develop TimelessRock which is what most of todays youth views Classic Rock as. The classic origin of the term Classic Rock is hard to pinpoint because the term evolved with the behavior it was used in social and entertainment settings. Therefore I trust the best way to describe how Classic Rock came to be is by providing the core principle of the Genre. The most telling aspect of the adjective Classic is be as something about which the same opinion has stood over a long period of time.Thus, People listen to Classic Rock and feel the same way about it today as they did when it as first recorded. The geographical origins of Classic rock sack be found in most of the major cities of the 60s and 70 but the cities that stand out the most are Chicago Illinois, Cleveland Ohio, Kingston New York, and Houston Texas. I believe these cities are the true origins of Classic Rock because of their full-grown radio stations that featured Classic Rock and oldies. The founding genres of Classic Rock are primarily Hard Rock, Blues Rock, and Folk Rock.The degree and specific effect of each genres contributions varies but remains onstant in its relation to the emotional response of the listener Hard Rocks main contribution to Classic Rock can be found in its ability to cause listeners to feel motivated to act about the lyrical content of the song. Blues Rocks main contribution to Classic Rock can be seen in its tendency to focus on lyric al and musical empathy for common sorrows. Folk Rocks main contribution to Classic Rock is best shown by its lyrical relation to social issues of the time and the effect of each person in society.

Culture of India and Western Culture

Mounting westmostward destination degrading India on the whole. Have you ever seen the pictures of Jatindranath Mukerjee or Chandrasekhar Azad or Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose? Apart from cosmos leading revolutionaries of the Indian immunity struggle, these three great personalities had something more in common. Almost in each picture you will find each of them cloaked in perfect Indian attire or dhoti-kurta. Do you find the same dress among Indians still? Unfortunately, it is becoming almost extinct more and more and the day is not far when its best position will be in the museum of any Indian metropolis.What inference can you draw from this lamentable example? Western influence is rising in the Indian society by leaps and bounds and its intensity is rising with the passing of each year almost. There is all any doubt that the entire course is moving contrary to the dreams of the founding fathers of independent India in August 15, 1947. They had thought that the country, win ning independence after the freedom struggle of almost two centuries at a stretch, would regain its vigor and set up its basis, rooted in its own intrinsic culture, with conviction.What we are witnessing at the moment is not sad or unfortunate only but just the opposite also. Within the seven decades of national independence influences of Indian culture have started to drain almost. Even if there is any, it is under the greater protection of the western umbrella. Well, you dont have to go anywhere else a fewer glimpses of the Indian television scenario or cable televisions are going to be enough. Gone are the old age when the Indian television pains utilize to speak in favor of national harmony, secular traditions and unity in diversity.These days, the messages of national unification have ceased to come to the fore and the programs have been replaced by reality shows dominated by women clad in skimpy dresses. These sorts of shows go against the age-old Indian traditions and in a word, affront Indian values only. merely Indians are so wild that they have little time for the national stature. Is India developing then or on the wane? You have to make the decision. farming and Tradition are more significant in a country like India which has always een cherishing its rich culture and heritage and its quite substantially known for it worldwide. But these things are just on paper and are slowly losing their twinkling. Why? India is known by her people. We, the younger generation are the representatives of India in a true sense of the word. Even in history, we come across various incidents where the juvenility took the lead to bring astir(predicate) a change and crush India independence from the British rule. We, the Indian youth have always been the power and pride of India.We are the sole cherishers of Indias pride and its heritage which actually lies in its culture, its diversity, its uniqueness. In such a scenario, where the point of a rich cultured co untry like India is facing the business of losing its culture, are we, the youth the Indian youth not ACTUALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS? Are we not putting our own self image, our self respect, our mother Indias pride at stake by doing so? Just think about it my dear friends. There is no problem as such when we follow the western culture to some extent.The problem is we are forgetting our culture to a greater extent. Why should we do so? 21st century youth doesnt mean forgetting the mother rural area and following or in short adopting western lifestyle in totality. Every culture has its own pros and cons. We individuals should be strong enough to take the good and throw false the bad. But what are we doing now? Its a shame to see that Indias pride We Indian Youth doesnt have even a bit of importance for Indias pride and heritage, its culture and we are easily influenced by western culture.Right from our clothing, till the music, the films, our attitude, our lifestyle, in short every eyeshot of our life has totally changed. Change doesnt happen on its own its we who bring about the change. But by this change, our mother India has lost its sheen and beauty its place its uniqueness in the world. AND WE, THE INDIAN YOUTH, PRIDE OF INDIA ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT. Friends, its high time now and we got to think about this now or never. STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINEEssays on negative impact on India because of western culture? The culture of India has been shaped not only by its long history, unique geography and diverse demography, but also by its ancient heritages. Regarded by some historians as the oldest living acculturation of Earth, the Indian tradition dates back to 8,000 BC and has a continuous recorded history for everywhere 2,500 years. But due to the increasing development due(p) to globalization the rich culture of India is disappearing. The most impact is of western culture on India culture.Western culture is based more on materialistic factors wher e as our culture has a spiritual base. The culture of India is been disappearing by umteen ways the youths in India do not respect their elders, the families in India live recognize And consequently have lost contacts with their other relatives The big point which is making the culture of India to disappear in bollywood the dressing style of the actresses, the slang word used in movies are been influenced the youth to bad step of life.The young ones try to act the same as these actors do which is very bad to the culture of India The escape of morals, the lacking faith in God, having late night parties, the influence of drugs and alcohols, least interest in Indian languages like Sanskrit, Hindi, Celebrating mothers day, fathers day, valentine day, fools day etc rather than celebrating our Indian festivals and thus wasting their precious time of life, Thinking to be independent at an early age Effect of western culture on Indians? The effects of the western culture on the Indians would be a high range of things. ne would be influential styles many of the youth started t change dhow they dressed because of the west culture. also their cooking, and language. many Indians were drove away from their native homeland. nowadays they all live on Indian preserves. Take a look around i doubt you will see Indians riding on a horse. You might say well Im an American. Where did you ancestors come from? Probably from over seas. Well actually the only true Americans would be the Indians being that they were born and raised on American soil. I could go on and on, but i think thats enough come to Of Western Culture CHEERS, and the party starts. With booze, fags and skimpily dressed girls who move their bodies to be the cynosure and to attract males. Everyone is wearing branded clothes, imported watches, designer accessories and what not. These things have become the necessities of the Indian youth and even the older generations. A father-son duo sitting together and enjoyin g their drinks, women going to pubs and discos and getting involved in obscene acts and girls taking their boyfriends to their homes to have a jolly time with parents and otherwise too.What can one infer after reading the above lines? I guess, the first answer would be that India is changing over the course of time. India, as the name flickers, one thinks of religion, traditions, art and culture and its apt to think so because India is the country which is famous for its diversity in these aspects. The land where the great Raja Ram Mohan, Tagore, Gandhi transformed the thinking of people and removed the social stigmas like sati pratha the practice of widows being forced to sit on the pior of their husbands), untouchability and many more.India was known as Sone Ki Chidiya (The Golden Bird) but the shine has faded away gradually with the change in I, YOU and WE. Indian society has evolved into a miscellaneous breed of Western and Indian culture. People are becoming too much casual in both their personal and professional lives, how a veracious Morning Madam has now become Hi Diksha, how a Namaste Daadu has become Hey Grandpa, courtesy the western culture.The western culture has proved to be a setback for Indian culture, its rituals, its traditions and mannerism. The Indian morning which used to begin with bhajans and kirtans now begins with the rock of Metallica and the punk of Greenday. The age of losing virginity has gone down to teens following the western culture, these days it has become a casual and usual trend to lose virginity as teenagers. The way in which Hollywood movies have created an

Dell’s Marketing Strategy

dells marketing dodge In the realm of endeavor IT, dingle is often encountered as having a singular schema-build and sell products cheaper and to a greater extent efficiently than competitors, and thereby grow twain market share and revenue. While that misleadingly simple plan lies at the heart of dingles approach for customers, its everywhereall try strategy, like its presence in the try market, it maturing, growing stronger and turn more complex with each passing year.Dell has crystallized its long-run strategy for business customers in a vision it calls the climbable green light, which has many similarities with the propulsive cypher strategies of its competitorsIBM (On Demand), Hewlett-Packard (Adaptive Enterprise), and so forth. climbable Enterprise is centered on Dell products, run and alliancesall of which are rooted in industry standards and cloaked in the far-famed Dell direct model. The company has been promoting and marketing this vision for only a few y ears, but it has quickly become a focal point for how Dell rationalizes its product and serve roadmaps.And it intersects with Dells overall view that the industry will continue to leverage clusters of high-performance, industry-standard servers and operating environments, and move away from larger-scale, proprietary systems. more than important, the Scalable Enterprise vision also gives Dell a method for speaking with customers about its overall value proposition, and how it can help customers migrate to the long-term dynamic computer science vision.Dells Services employees, in particular professional operate, play a critical role in evangelizing the value of the Scalable Enterprise and in engaging customers in discussions as to how to make the vision real in their IT environments. Dell has never aspired to grow its professional operate business to extend to those of IBM Global Services (IGS) or the global systems integrators (GSIs). However, the company does recognize that o perate are a linchpin for helping customers use Dell products to address some(prenominal) their IT and their business challenges, and convincing them that Dells products and solutions are truly endeavour-class.To that end, Dell has refocused its professional services portfolio (and its entire services roster), placing overall customer satisfaction, lifecycle services and the Scalable Enterprise at the core. In this report, I am examining how Dell is trying to leverage professional services to drive its Scalable Enterprise vision. We begin with an overview of how customers view Dells Scalable Enterprise vision, based on data from a recently completed Summit Strategies position.We then briefly review the tenets of the Scalable Enterprise strategy and drill down into Dells services portfolio, with a particular focus on professional services and some of Dells newer offerings. We conclude with suggestions about steps Dell can takein particular with enterprise services partnersto furth er enhance its professional services strategy and spread its Scalable Enterprise vision throughout the market. We first explored Dells services strategy twain years ago (see our January 2003 report, discharge Dell Find Success in Enterprise Services? ).Then, Dell was still refining its services strategyparticularly, how it would move before in enterprise services. At that time, many of Dells executives were concerned that customers did not view the company as a strategic enterprise seller, or thought that Dell lacked enterprise-level expertise for designing and deploying IT environments. What a difference two years can make. We recently asked IT buyersenterprise and SMBto identify their most strategic IT vendors, both for overall IT strategy and in a variety of different IT areas, including infrastructure software and implementation and support.As shown in Figure 1, when we asked all respondents how important various vendors would be to their organizations overall IT strategy dur ing the next three years, Dell ranked fourth (19%) among those vendors identified as most strategicbehind Microsoft (36%), IBM (21%) and Cisco (21%). Dell ranked ahead of Hewlett-Packard (HP), Oracle, sunshine Microsystems, SAP, and some global integrators and outsourcers. Another 28% named Dell as one of their top two or three most strategic vendors.In another survey data point, among large enterprise customers (with 1,000 or more employees), Dell ranked as the fifth most strategic vendor (20%), with Oracle moving ahead of Dell. The news was even expose for Dell when respondents were asked about strategic vendors for their server and storage strategies during the next three years. Dell came out on top among enterprise customersahead of HP, IBM, EMC and Sun (see Figure 2). Dell also outpaced IBM among small and medium businesses (SMBs), a market that both companies view as a strategic priority.While these two data points do not directly relate to the robustness of Dells services ca pabilities, they do demonstrate that Dells profile as a provider of enterprise-caliber solutions has gone up considerably in the past few years. In addition, when we asked our survey audience to select their most strategic vendor for IT support and implementation services in the next three years, Dell placed fourth among total respondentsagain behind Microsoft, Cisco and IBMand fifth among enterprise respondents.Its also clear that Dells contention that lower-cost, standards based systems can handle IT functions previously reserved for higher-end, proprietary systems is resonating with customers. Also, Dell may benefit from its high-profile consumer business, with familiarity in consumer markets breeding a similar familiarity at the corporate customer levelalthough there is no conclusive evidence about a linkage. The momentum is helping propel Dell and its Scalable Enterprise strategy into a leadership position in enterprise IT environments (see Figure 3).Based on an besotted beli ef that IT customers want simplicity, optimization and better management, Dells Scalable Enterprise vision encompasses Dells mission to standardize core elements of IT datacenters to experience these capabilities. It emphasized de facto standard products, open standards specifications, customer choice, lifecycle services and the advantages of Dells direct model. The Scalable Enterprise encompasses some, but not all, of the characteristics of Summit Strategies dynamic compute framework.This framework tightly aligns IT and business goals through the use of new infrastructure components and virtualization capabilities, automate and policy-based service management capabilities, and optimized business processes. Dell is positioning itself to focus on many of the infrastructure hardware elements of dynamic computingand is bringing in partners to solve the major infrastructure software, management and business process challenges of the dynamic computing equation (although some Dell-deve loped management capabilities are becoming increasingly strategic for the vendor).IBM and, to a lesser degree HP, talk to customers about their ability to deliver dynamic computing solutions from either the bottom-up (aiming to make the IT infrastructure more flexible and adaptable) or the top-down (analyzing business processes and then changing the underlying infrastructure to better support them). Dell, however, approaches customers with a more narrowly-focused value proposition that stresses a phased approach to drive standards and scalability within an enterprise datacenterwhich will lead to better IT support and adaptability for usiness processes over time. In fact Dell believes that its Scalable Enterprise vision will not come to full fruition until 2008, when the company plans to deliver more automated policy-based capabilities, self-monitoring tools and dynamic resource allocation for heterogeneous systems. Of course IBM, HP and others would say they can provide a greater ar ray of dynamic computing solutions now, and that customers remove no need to wait several years to take advantage of them.However Dell believes customers will be more comfortable with their longer-term, phased-in approach that emphasizes standardsand that by leverage its direct model customers will see Dells approach as more affordable as well. When we profi led Dells services business two years ago questions lingered over whether Dell could sustain its services business and how strategic services would play into the companys futurity (Scalable Enterprise had not yet been introduced).Today, with services as one of the three main pillars for the Scalable Enterprise strategy, there is little doubt about services overall importance to Dell. Services currently generate about $4 billion in annual revenue and it is one of the fastest growing part of the companys business. In fact professional services revenue has doubled over a two-year period, with significant growth in both the U. S. and overseas markets.As referenced previously, Dells services reflect the companys overall philosophy that customers want more standard, less custom and more lifecycle IT solutions. Dells approach has been to slowly expand beyond traditional support services (which still generate the majority of Dells services revenue) with more repeatable, higher value-add professional and managed services, both directly and through partners. To address this Dell is attempting to highlight its business-centric expertise in existing and new professional services offerings.

After the Second World War Essay

1) Japan 2) The four tigers Taiwan, S pop outh Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore (the sixties of the twentieth century) 3) Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, China (from the 1970s to the 1980s) In fact, by rejecting import substitution industrialization Asian nations managed to avoid some negative results of this policy. First, their eco zero(prenominal)ies were not dragged by inefficient industries. Second, eastmost Asia did not have to implement policies benefiting industrial workers at the expense of those working on the farms.This was crucial for Asian countries because farmers made up the majority of their population. In addition, in order to diminish the cost of industrialization, the cost of food needed to be kept artificially low. And also, East Asia attempted to prevent the appearance of rent want behaviours, which resulted from the usage of the licensing schemes for import substitution strategy and which usually increased inefficiency of economic science.High taxs on manufactured goods, which were imposed by many countries in order to cause their manufacturing bases, forced multinational companies to assemble or produce them locally. For example, manufacturers of motor industry exported vehicles for local assembly. Their vehicles were delivered tout ensemble knocked down and the local assembly resulted in poorer quality and high expenditures in comparison with those imported already built up. Moreover, the local assembly of identical products only duplicated resources and reduced economies of scale, which became increasingly inefficient for manufacturers.On the whole, at the ascendent of 1980s the policy of import substitution industrialization began to fail both in Latin America and in those Asian countries where the policy was adopted. Generally, it happened because the governments involved in the policy started to overspend reserves in order to keep the stability of currency. The governments in Latin America defaulted on their debts and had to turn t o the help of the International financial Fund. Another process which contri justed to the failure of import substitution was globalization.However, some economists think that the collapse of the policy of import substitution industrialization should not necessarily be taken as an endorsement of globalization. Such point of view was supported by the fact that some countries of East Asia also used high tariff barriers while rejecting the rest of the strategy of import substitution. This mixed policy was focused on investment and subsidies on the industries which would produce goods for export. As a result, these Asian countries managed to become competitive industries.However, irrespective of all their achievements, the policies described above also proved to be inefficient and later led to many problems during Asian financial crisis. The oddment period of import substitution industrialization was in 1989 when the capital letter Consensus as a set of policies designed to promote economic growth in the countries of Latin America was presented by John Williamson. The Washington Consensus included reforms which continued the policy of import substitution industrialization offering a modernized version of its tenets.In particular, the Washington Consensus proposed the following 1) the discipline of fiscal policy 2) tax reform. It flattened tax curve the tax rates on high tax brackets were move and the tax rates on the low tax brackets were raised. Also it suggested lowering the marginal tax rate 3) Competitive exchange rates 4) Trade relaxation behavior by means of low and uniform tariffs which would replace quantitative restrictions 5) Reduced limitation for foreign direct investment 6) Privatization of state enterprises7) Deregulation, which implies abolition of regulations that impede entree or restrict competition, except for those justified on safety, environmental and consumer protection grounds, and prudential oversight of financial institutions 8) P roperty rights must be legally secured 9) exoteric spending should be redirected toward the investment of health, education, and infrastructure 10) Interest rates that are market determined and positive (but moderate) in real terms. In the nineties the Washington consensus was being disputed.The critics of the reforms argued that they would lead vulnerable countries to crisis instead of helping to overcome it. Naomi Klein and Noam Chomsky claimed that the neoliberal policies of the Washington consensus would lead to the exploitation of labor market of an under go baded economy by a more developed one . Privatization of state industries, deregulation, and tax reform were seen by the opponents as the reforms which would ensure the development of the layer of local monied elite group who would pursue local interests and try to maintain local status quo.Jorge Taiana, the Deputy Foreign Minister of Argentina, also disapproved the Washington consensus saying that such policies never had a real consensus and nowadays a good number of governments of the hemisphere are reviewing the assumptions with which they applied those policies in the 1990s, adding that governments are working on a development stumper which would ensure productive employment and guarantee the generation of real wealth.Another economist Duncan Kennedy in the article for The Boston Review stated that the Washington Consensus completely opposed the initial tenets of import substitution industrialization and more favoured American political interests In the form promoted by the United States, ISI was as hostile to free-market economics as to Communism. The overarching idea of the Washington Consensus was to wipe out every aspect of ISI the Washington Consensus is both that free markets are good and that ISI Import substitution industrialization was bad.Developing countries were to develop through integration into the world commodity and capital markets, with policies of deregulated private enterpri se, foreign investment, and open economic borders. All in all, taking into consideration the mistakes of the previous love and the criticism of the economists, the developmental policy of import substitution industrialization has never been returned since the time of the Washington Consensus. Thus, in the paper import substitution industrialization as a process and as a policy was investigated.It was found out that import substitution pursues three main goals utilization of underused capacities, reducing unemployment and infant industries protection. The death penalty of the policy of import substitution industrialization is based on three tenets particular monetary and industrial policies, and protective trade barriers. However, it turned out that success and efficiency of import substitution industrialization was doubted by the proponents of absolute free market.Potential risks of import substitution were also visible while careful suppositional analysis and pointed out by ec onomists. The underdeveloped countries of Latin America and East Asia implemented the policy of import substitution industrialization. It occurred that the potential risks and the negative aspects found out by the proponents of absolute free market constituted the drawbacks of the policy and finally became the chief factors of its failure. However, the major part of East Asian countries rejected the policy and undergo economic growth.The example of Brazil demonstrated that the policy of import substitution industrialization can stimulate economic growth for some period of time, but its drawbacks (first of all high expenditures and inefficiencies) pose real obstacles for continuous and strong economic development.Bibliography 1) Bianchi A. M. Concern with Policy-relevance in the Latin American School of Economics. Post-autistic economics review. Issue no. 18, 5 February 2003 article 2 10 Nov. 2005 2) Charles J. Born in Blood and Fire Chasteen, 2001.p. 226-228.3) Duncan Kennedy on i mport substitution industrialization. Totalitarianism Today. The Boston Review October 13, 2003, 10 Nov. 2005 4) Import substitution, Economic Geography Glossary, 1999, , 12 Nov. 2005 5) Import substitution, Wikipedia, 24 October 2005, 10 Nov. 2005 6) Stutz F. P & Souza A. R. The World Economy Resources, Location, Trade, and Development (3rd ed. ), Prentice Hall 1998.

Conclusion: Hotel and Customer Loyalty

Recommendations According to my question, flaw shape as direct venture customer faithfulness. As a five-star hotel puddle a good brand public figure is Copernican for customer loyalty and long-term moving in. Brand type to a fault affect customer loyalty through use customer gaiety as the medium. If you are selling to people who are get outing to pay a premium price for choose your hotel, you have to have a quality in you brand. Without a hotel brand externalize which in some person-to-person manner you will get the wrong customers or in the extreme case, no customer and this will lead to you making no money and therefore no profits.After my research have clearly relationship between hotel brand image and customer loyalty. Here I will debate some recommendations to hotel. The way to improve hotel brand image Hotel should pay more attention to customers perceived value as they would like to get affordable price, quality serve up for the harvest and service they pay for. To attract more customers, hotel do-nothing have regular VIP or member customers appreciation natural process. Hotel also dismiss have advertising campaigns with a consistent theme. Brand image is not fixed in customers heart.It is changed every fourth dimensions, such as this m stay in this hotel have new feeling of brand image take over before brand image in customers heart. Thus, it still has some ways to improve hotel brand image. 1, First impressions which hotel give customer is important. The hotel has prominent logo with clean color and sample design. When customers fist duration see that can easy to memories. As simply speaking, human nature dictate that people will often substantiate their first decision or impression by focusing on the positives and even overriding or blocking out any negative points.Hotel subscribe tos customer fist time to confirm their brand image. Hotel brand image should be based on what their customer expects. Hotel brand shout speak to t heir market in a way that they like to be spoken to. Hotel need to define their brand fonts, color, and logo shape appears. For example the Shangri-la hotel, they said that Our S logo, which resembles uniquely Asian architectural forms, suggests idealistic mountains reflected in the waters of a tranquil lake. All these little things together will create a highly successful brand image for a five-star hotel. . Brand values are very important to improve a brand image. Creating a predefined set of values is extremely important in getting hotel brand to work. Decide which values apply first and foremost to hotel ancestry. For Shangri-la hotel, they give the slogan is a luxurious sanctuary for the discerning traveler. For this sentence, not only give a promise to their customer, but also as a standard for hotel staffs. These also can instantly be able to canalise to your clients how hotel operate. It will be a useful way for hotel to improve their brand image. 3.The aim to highlight the benefit such hotel can provide quality service to customer and put it on the forefront of any marketing. This is what theyre most interested in. How will spending money with hotel benefit. According to research selective information psychoanalysis shows that customer think the most immenseness element when they choose a five-star hotels is product quality. Then hotel should highlight their quality at any marketing activity and advertisement. This means that hotel have set out why customers should choose your hotel and therefore why customers shout pay your price. 4. Hotel can share their calling growing with their customer.They can put the hotel growing history in their web side. The time will come where hotel business grows to a size where hotel brand image no long-lived accurately reflects and how much customer have stayed in this hotel, how long time the brand have created. At this point its worth looking at re-branding. It can get customer approved. Let customer feel tha t he joins the hotel growing and feel kind with your hotel brand image. 5. Differentiate yourself from your competitors. Nowadays have umpteen different five-star hotel brand image. How to permit customer can memories your hotel brand?Everything from the vocabulary your use to the tone of your advertisements and the color and shape of your logo should be distinctly yours. The customer can easy find the shining point from your brand and live a deep impression in their heart. Your hotel brand image can give the different feeling to customers. Therefore, in put up to create a successful brand, marketing managers should be more devoted on building brand image, customers rejoicing and customer loyalty as the most important parts of branding strategy. By strengthening and maintaining the brand images will hopefully position the brand positively in the customer mind.The target market of Five-stat hotel From research, the majority of customers are middle age and the purpose is for busin ess or leisure. It also shows a high individualised income to support five-star hotel consumption. Thus, hotel should pay more attention to male, middle age customers who are 40-49 years old, and consumers who have a diploma or degree and who and high personal income for increasing market share. Look at the guest database and define your target market and desired amenities. Developing a business plan for an existing business or conducting a feasibility study for a new venture requires a through analysis of market conditions.The correct target market is importance for success a hotel business. We can know that hotel need to focus their target market at middle age company people. List the business goals for your hotel. For these group customers, hotel need to know what is they pay attention to when they stay in a hotel. It is advisable to improve hotel meeting facilities, room facilities and quality service. Making pointed references plan for business and leisure and give many meeti ng or leisure package to customers. Improve customer loyaltyAccording to the research data analysis, brand image and customer cheer affect customer loyalty. As a hotel, improve customer loyalty from these two aspects. From literature review and analysis we understand that customer loyalty is important for a hotel operation and market. First of all, to improve customer loyalty need to focus on brand image. A good brand image is tributary to get more customer loyalty. Hotel finds the correct way to improve brand image, therefore the customer loyalty will increase. The customer loyalty is directly comparative to how good brand image in customers mind.On the former(a) hand, is having customer satisfaction. To get customer satisfaction, hotel should provide good service, high quality facilities to let customer feel is worthy of expense their money in your hotel. Hotel also can do some regular customer research to get fresh feedback information about customer satisfaction and can timel y find problem and vulnerabilities then solve it. Conclusion The research has shown the importance of brand image benefits on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. The finding supports H1, the five-star hotel brand image is a direct path.For H2, brand image is also a factor that significantly affects the customer satisfaction then finally effect customer loyalty in five-star hotel. For H3, the positive hotel image increase customer loyalty in five-star hotel. ground on my research results, hotel brand image is as a determinant of customer loyalty in five-star hotels. The hotel brand image also affects customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction has strong impact on customer loyalty. With regard to satisfaction and loyalty, it is important for five-star hotels to measure customers satisfaction in order to analyze their product or service image performance.Hotel satisfied customers are willing to recommend their branded hotel product and service to others as well as having the intention to purchase their product and services in the future. The research findings of this study showed that hotel brand image plays the most important role in creating and maintaining customer loyalty in five-star hotel industry markets. As a five-star hotel have to specifically focus on these factors in order to build a long-term and mutually positivity relationship with customers. Hotel also needs to create loyalty as competitive advantages in the market.To identification of five-star hotel brand image benefits of their branded product and service will help to establish effective marketing strategies. Marketing managers should consider the roles of hotel brand image in creating customer loyalty. The brand image target in hotel business is the target customers of the brand. Nowadays, the customer oriented marketing theory requires an enterprise to take customer satisfaction into account when making decisions and establishing brand image. Establishment of brand image in ho tel industry lies in customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Hotel need to improve internalize the value of brand image. Establishment of brand image in hotel industry is to firmly establish a brand image basis. Therefore, when the core value of brand image spreads to customer will the brand image in the hotel business is clearly established in the bran of the customer. This research endeavored to help hotel marketing practitioners better understand the key drivers. Creating and maintain customer loyalty in a highly competitive market. The important point of brand image in hotel industry is the customer benefit brought by brand.When the brand positive hotel brand image was aggressively improved, the hotel business would be able to in maintain their current customers and loyalty. Truly loyal customers are manifestly satisfied. With the five-star hotel have a positive image towards the hotel. Therefore, hotel should always strive to ensure that their customers are very satisfied an d improve their hotel brand image to get more customer loyalty. The second of limitations of my research is that data quality can be compromised via a number of potential routes, such as cultural and other type of bias.We all have biases, whether we are scruples of them or not. Bias is when a place, things or person is viewed or shown in a consistently inaccurate way. It is usually negative, though one can have a positive bias as well. During my research, different people have different opinion about brand image and customer loyalty. So, it must be acknowledge that is a kind of limitation in my research. The sample was collected from a group of consumers in certain area Malaysia. Future research need to extend to diversified samples in order to ensure the full applicability to other settings in this model.Future research In future I plan to impact to work on analysis about marketing research could use a different design to examine the causal relationships posited by the theories, such as relationship quality or marketing mix which is 4Ps to explore other antecedents on hotel industry customer loyalty. It also continues my research will be conducted in other industry, such as transport industry, club med industry or casino industry. In addition, for my future research plan can focus other different countries or different global regions. It till can focus on a limitative group person.

Generic Organization Essay

A group is a healthy structured boldness with unalike individuals that has different characteristics and miscellanea these groups layabout be formal or informal. In my research I have found that retail stores such as Wal-Mart and Kmart has governing bodyal structure. Group routineuriency satisfaction describes the group-level counterpart to individual job satisfaction and represents the groups shared attitude toward its task and work environment. Places such as Wal-Mart demonstrate these skills to view as their organization.The prevalence of groups and teams in the workplace (Beyerlein, Johnson, & Beyerlein, 1995 Devine, Clayton, Philips, Dunford, & Melner, 1999) catch up withs it important to understand their effects on group members. In this paper I will identify an industry and organization type, explain four problems that could encroachment groups productivity, develop and describes logical and appropriate recommendations for each of the four problems provided and its recommendation, wide training, and the conclusion. Organizational structure may be defined as the system of relations that subsist among a variety of positions and position holders.Formal structure is a blueprint of relations that has been knowingly deliberated and put into action by the organization. It includes a formal chain of command of indicant as well as policies and procedures and other premeditated attempts to control convey. Wal-Mart organizational structure consists of a divisional structure. A divisional structure has three different categories in which are product structure, market structure, and geographic structure. Wal-Mart falls under market structure. This is where groups function by types of customers so that each division contains the functions it needs to service a specific segment of the market.For example Wal-Mart offers vision, pharmacy, haircuts, grocery, crafts, clothes, electronics, house wares and etc This message each department will conduct its own group indoors Wal-Mart this will separate each structured group such as managers, supervisors, customer service, stockers, CEO, and so forth. With so many different employees in spite of appearance the company each individual has their own task only when it takes group structure to make sure that the task is complete. Every task that is met within the group mostly deals how Wal-Mart r correct outues. If the each group orks together with their task then the job lot be complete and helps Wal-Mart makes money.If the groups fail then Wal-Mart fails, this leads to behavior within the group. concord to Losh, S (2010), as group members, we frequently behave in ways that we do not as individuals. And our behavior as group members may fluctuate from group to group. Companies such as Wal-Mart want to be successful and a key component of many businesses is the creation and development of new ideas. businesslike performancees or products and services, many times, come from the ideas of more than one individual and generally strike teams or groups.Although teams and groups often are mistaken as identical units because they involve multiple individuals however differ in leadership, decision-making, and accountability. Another aspect to consider with groups and teams is workplace diversity and its effects on these units and especially the dynamics of a team. According to Robbins and Judge (2009), a work groups main purpose is to share information and make decisions that help other members of the group. Work groups focus is on individual goals, holding themselves individually accountable.It overly provides a platform for knowlmargin and information sharing that would not otherwise be available to us. Group nonetheless provides an identity to its members. Still cooperative group is something that comes with lot of driveway. For example a cashiers at Wal-Mart goal is too quickly and accurately process customers orders. If asked, he or she will share information re garding a price or item, but his or her main concern is a balanced cash drawer at the end of the shift. The cashier is not concerned about another cashiers cash drawer even though each cashier is a member of a work group .A team is a small group of individuals with knowledge and skills that escort the knowledge and skills of other team members. The work is interdependent. Team members actively interact together toward a common goal while holding the team conglobation accountable. Work teams create synergy. Synergy happens when a teams result is spaciouser than the total of the individual results of the members. Group behaviors impact group productivity, by determine the outcome of the productivity. Negative group behaviors will produce negative productivity and vice versa with positive group behaviors. there are four problems that back end impact group productivity polish, competitiveness, group diversity, group cohesive, and characteristics. Culture in a work group can impact a work group it can be either positive or negative. According to Sergeant J, & Laws Chapman, C. (2012), teams that operate in stressful environments are less collaborative and more likely to make mistakes (Business in the Community 2009). Building emotional resilience, therefore, can create healthier workplace cultures, reduce absenteeism, improve teamwork and raise morale. In some ways culture can be like someoneality.A person personality is made of values and beliefs, interests, underlying assumptions, upbringing and habits. Culture I am sure is influenced by leadership at Wal-Mart such as a manager or executive. With Wal-Mart cosmos a big company and having so many employees you can perhaps even look at the managers desk and tell his culture and background. Culture may become so dominant that employees and employers alike may give the bounce good ideas that seem counter to the organizational culture.Companies that do not have an open and flexible culture can find themselves losing a competitive edge because they do not adapt to the changes within in the market making it bad for the workplace. Another problem that can harm a group organization is conflict if you have an individual that disagrees with others idea then this causes conflicts. The differentiator of a successful group is that the group members share sense of trust among themselves as well as feeling of shared responsibilities however the one that is different from the rest of the group may not and this can create problems in the group.Say for shell if you have a employer at Wal-Mart that thinks that organizing food cans and meat in a different order but you have more than one employee that is okay with what is being done this brings negative impact because then others going to feel that maybe she is right then this may not be good for the employer. Diversity can take many forms namely age, race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, mental and physical capabilities and ethnicity and culture are the main areas of diversity and have a continuous impact end-to-end our lives.Managing and valuing diversity is a key component of effective people forethought, which can improve workplace productivity but sometimes it can create a problem. According to Diversity Takes Center Stage at Wal-Mart (2013) Reports on the effort of Wal-Mart Stores to enforce work diversity in its stores in the U. S. Remarks from Lee Scott, CEO of Wal-Mart, on the reduction of bonuses if Wal-Mart does not promote women and minorities in the workplace Allegations against Wal-Mart for gender bias and unfair treatment of workers Information on the pay structure implemented by the company.If employees feel that because of their culture race or religion are affecting them then nice times out of ten it would create chaos in workplace such as Wal-Mart. Diversity can aid in bringing awareness of different cultures, races and age difference into a mix, but can have negative effects if people are not well prep ared in how to work in that environment. According to MacDonald, Lynne (2010), Companies put a great deal of time and effort in to encouraging employees to work effectively with their colleagues. If a company finds that workers have bonded in to a cohesive group, it should be a positive discovery.However, this is not always the case and it can turn sour. While cohesive groups offer advantages in terms of social support for group members, they also present disadvantages for the employer. Low performance norms can be very detrimental to group productivity meaning they will not make much effort to meet group deadline. Characteristics can also be a problem in workplace bad characteristics from an employee can make a workplace god-awful reducing employees moral and productivity. Some employees cant find anything positive to say.They criticize their supervisor, the corporate office, other employees and even customers. If you have a stock person working at Wal-Mart the normally stock at night but really hate the night schedule and all the do is complain, complain this lacks zeal from other co-workers around them. This can also make the group to become dishonery towards upper management in the facility. Even having an am employee that gossips can cause conflict in the group because they are the ones who are always twisting the story and only thing at this point is to put them on disciplinary action.There are many ways a workplace can address the negative impacts in a workplace by developing action be after to address the negative Sometimes enterprise-wide systems and compensation schemes need to be revamp, but more often business performance and results are affected. Using customized survey this means getting employees thoughts and idea and surveying patterns and correlations that are effecting the company. Use open minded questions asking employees if there is anything they would like to address putting everything on the table but in a professional manner.Even th e company should sacrifice companywide training. Country wide training should be conducted not only for the employees but also for management such as managers CEO, human resource department, and also crew members. Despite the importance of training, a trainer can encounter resistance from both employees and managers. both(prenominal) groups may claim that training is taking them away from their work. However, a trainer can combat this by demonstrating that training is actually a crucial part of employees and managers work, completing task and working well with others.These also open doors for employees to get to know other employees culture and background. Conclusion Group work is important because it helps elucidate problem and accomplish task in a workplace. Working in a group allows members to share responsibilities, rather than the brunt of the work falling in the give of one person. Instead, group members can delegate tasks to individuals who possess the knowledge, skills an d abilities necessary to accomplish the task successfully.Because we are human beings we have our own characteristics, style, culture and diversity which sometimes can be a hindrance to a group but doing things such as companywide training can help every employee to conquer the power of being in a group in a workplace. Working in a group can help individuals build long-lasting relationships found on trust and loyalty. As group members, people learn about the common things they share and differences, which lead them to seek group members they can build relationships with even outside of the group.

Chromosome 6 Summary

Summary of Chromosome 6 by author Robin Cook Chromosome 6 begins with the murder of an infamous mafia figure, Carlo Franconi. His Mafia competitors are the number one suspects for the shooting, and these suspicions rise when Franconis body disappears from the morgue before the autopsy is carried out. Medical examiner Jack is confused and interested by the case, along with his partner Dr. Montgomery. However, their attention is sidetracked by the arrival of a mutilated, unidentifiable body that has been found in the river.The deuce doctors are disturbed by the look of the body, because it has been completely mutilated. When they discover that the body is also missing its liver, they go on a quest to find the reason why, which takes them into the dangerous jungles of Equatorial Guinea. Here the two men discover the scary possibilities of medicine and science and the unethical experiments macrocosm carried out on humans and animals. In Chromosome 6, there are two stories being told. The first story takes place mostly in New York, where the medical examiners are faced with the task of doing an autopsy on Carlo Franconi.Alongside that story, we are introduced to Kevin Marshal, a 34-year-old eccentric person who works for GenSys, a biotech company. Kevin lives in Equatorial Guinea, where hes doing research using Bonobos, a type of primate. Equatorial Guinea is where the second story takes place, where Kevin must solve a mystery of his own. Along the way he is helped by Melanie Becket and Candace Brickman. Then, Jack and Kevins stories merge into one complicated, unified plot. Although Jack is the main character in this story, Kevin is by far the most memorable. Both the group in New York and the one in Africa risk their lives to learn their respective truths.

Buying Behavior

There ar many a(prenominal) aspects of demeanor that put up a somebodys get mien. Buying bearing is the decision process and actions of bulk involved in acquire and using products and services. Influences on get manner can be classified into three study categories situational influences, mental influences, and social influences. Situational influences include physical surroundings and social surroundings. Depending on who is around at a reliable eon may sway a psyches decision to debauch something. Psychological influences include perception, motives, attitudes, personality, and lifestyles.Although these psychological influences argon very much internal they lock in effect bulks actions on the outside. Social influences include roles, family influences, pen groups, social classes, and sub farmings. Social influences are perhaps the most distinguishable influences and pass on to buying behavior in many ways. Influences on consumer buying behavior come from all told aspects of life and call for major impacts on the type, brands, and kinds of products people buy everyday. One of the major psychological influences on buying behavior is lifestyle.A lifestyle is an individuals pattern of living ground on his or her interests, activities, and beliefs. A persons lifestyle is based off what they need, requirement and do, this in turn effects their buying behavior. It influences what products people need, which brands they prefer, and how and when they shop. A lifestyle develops into a consistent pattern people follow in their lives. An modelling of how a certain lifestyle affects a persons buying behavior is the new-made shift in the linked States towards a healthy and natural lifestyle.People who want to become healthier leave behind buy healthy foods and possibly even purchase things such as new running shoes or a gymnasium membership. A person who is not concern with following a healthy lifestyle would not postulate any motives to b uy these things. My lifestyle defines what I spend my money based on my hobbies, opinions, and interests. Every month I pay twenty dollars a month for a gym membership beca routine staying in bring into being is something that I value. I in addition shop as stores such as Forever 21 and H&M because they sell trendy c divvy uphes for an affordable price.This suits my lifestyle because I like to keep up with the latest fashion without spending all of my income on clothing. I also spend a lot of money on gas for my car because I commute back and fourth to educate. I patch up to use my money on gas because getting an education is important to me. A major pop of my lifestyle is love for animals. I have recently bought a puppy and now mustiness buy things for him such as food, toys, and medicine. The type of lifestyle a person has, has a major impact on what types and brands of products they buy. One of the major social influences on the buying decision process are the roles a per son assumes.A role is the actions and activities that a person in a particular position is thought to complete based on expectations of the individual and surrounding persons. People can assume many roles in life and must buy different kinds of product for each role. The most common practice of how a persons different roles effect their buying decisions is the clothes that they wear. A person has different clothes that they wear at home, at the club, at the gym, and at work. They must adapt to the role they are assuming at a certain time and their clothing must suit each of these roles.I assume many roles in my life including daughter, student, girlfriend, friend, and worker. As a girlfriend I decide where what do on the weekends and often spend money on vent out. As a daughter I buy food, toilet paper, and essential good for everyones use in the house. As a student I buy pens, paper, and supplies that confine me successful in doing my school work. Buying behavior is very much ba sed on specific roles in life, and because peoples roles are ever changing sequentially so is their buying behavior. One of the major social influences on buying behavior is family influence.Family influence is the different influences each family member assumes in the buying decision process. totally family members play a role in the families decision to buy something. There are four major roles that family members can play. The gatekeeper collects and controls information about price, quality, and location. They do the research on the best product, brands, and places to shop. The influencer expresses his or her opinion and tries to influence the familys ultimate buying decision. The decider makes the actual buying choice.They make the final decision on what product will be purchased. However, they do not necessarily make the purchase that role is presume by the buyer. These various roles show how different family members contribute to the buying behavior of the family as a whole . In my family my brother is the gatekeeper, my mom is the decider, I am the influencer, and my dad is the buyer most of the time. We all are unremarkably the users, which are the household members who consume or use the product. I always help my mom make the grocery list so I can tell her all of the food I want her to buy.Also I have traveled the most out of anyone in my family and often try to influence where we inject our family vacations. My mom does not always take my advice but she always takes it into account when making any decisions. An example of me in the role of the influencer is last year when we were planning our family vacation I kept telling my parents how many things there were to do in Bermuda and how much fun it would be for the whole family. We ended up deviation to Bermuda much to my persuasion. Family influences can also pass on from generation from generation.For example when I moved into my hold apartment I always bought Snuggle fabric softener because t hats what my mom always used and I always loved the way my clothes smelt growing up. I am now leal to the Snuggle brand because my mom was always loyal to the brand. Family members can have many direct or indirect influences on buying behavior. Another social entity that affects buying behavior is reference groups. A reference group is a group that a person identities with so powerfully that he or she embraces the values, attitudes, and behavior of other group members.People often bet to others in their reference group for conspicuous purchase, or purchases that will be seen by others. They seek out brand patronage, information on products, and brand comparisons from people in their reference group to help them make buying decisions. Reference groups are usually formed with people that are trusted and thus the information given can affect whether a person does or does not buy a product, buys a specific brand, or buys a certain type of product.Buying behavior can be changed to be m ore in line with actions of other group members once a member is swayed in a specific direction. A reference group in which I proceed to is my three best girlfriends. We are always giving each other advice on the best clothes, din polish, shampoo, and even hairdressers. We all use the same products and are always sharing positive and negative fly the coop back on brands and services. I think that my reference groups has the most influence on my buying behavior because I have such analogous wants, needs, and expectations to the other members.Social class is another social influence on buying behavior. Social class is an open group of individuals with quasi(prenominal) social rank. In the United States it is make up of three major social classes Upper American, Middle American, and Lower American. People in similar social classes also develop many similar social patterns. They have similar values, belongings, needs, and wants. The fact that people in the same social classes are s o similar, they are influenced by each others actions. These influences include which brands people buy, where they shop, and what kinds of products they buy.My family falls into the upper middle class. We are careful with money but still spend it on leisure and entertainment. My parents often ask neighbors for advice when buying things such as a new lawn mower, grill, or car. As a result many of the people in the neighborhood all have John Deer lawn mowers and Toyota cars. Another social influence on buying behavior is subculture. A subculture is a group of individuals whose characteristics, values, and behavioral precedents are comparable within the group and different from those in the nearby culture.Some examples of subcultures are college students, teenagers, Latin Americans, and the West Coast. Subcultures influence attitudes, lifestyles, and beliefs. This affects what people in certain subcultures like and do. For example, people from Japanese culture eat raw fish, and their children learn to like raw fish as well however, not many children in other places of the world eat sushi. A subculture that I am a part of is college students. College students usually have a small budget so we are looking for quantity over quality.We buy cheap alcohol and fast food because we can get a lot of product for little money. Another subculture that I belong to is commuters. Unlike people who live at school I must spend money on gas and leave extra time to get to class. As commuters we look for the cheapest gas stations and the shortest routes to school. Subcultures influence buying decisions because most of its counter parts have very similar motives. There are many factors that influence the buying decision process. Some of these influences are social, some are psychological, and some are situational.When marketers are trying to market their products they need to keep in mind all of these factors. These categories can help marketers discover whom advertisements should be targeted at in order to be the most successful. They also reveal the reasons people buy what they buy which gives marketers key information that they can use to change the selling mix to suit the buyers needs and wants. The decision buying process is a Gordian process that is affected by many interior and exterior pressures.

Unlocking the Power of the Teacher-Made Test

Classroom judgment ranks among a t separatelyers closely essential educational tools.Well-constructed instructor-made running playifys tail mop up provide teachers with the heart and soul to conglomerate evidence about what their pupils know and stomach do dish instructors identify students strengths and weaknesses keep tabs on student learning and move on help teachers aim and conduct future pedagogy motivate and shape learning and instruction guide students toward improving their avouch transactions gauge whether students atomic number 18 mastering district, recount, and national education standards nail down if students argon prep bed for the high-stakes state or district tests By unlocking the power of effective gradroom judicial decision, teachers prat accomplish every(prenominal) of the above and more than.In the succession of account aptitude and highstakes finale making, teacher-made tests fucking no longer be viewed as simply a means to ga ther grades for the end of the marking period report cards. process, providing the evidence teachers fill to determine whether or non their students hold achieved the educational goals set out for them. Capturing the Evidence Classroom judgments wad be thought of as evidence capturing devices or tools. The evidence the teacher seeks to gather is harbor to show or prove the students fellowship and ability. Just like a good detective, the classroom teacher moldiness overturn several things in reading the tools apply to gather the evidence What do I think my students should know?What are my expectations for their knowledge primary? This could be based on lesson goals and objectives, curriculum or course surfeit goals, district or state standards, etc. How would I describe my students after they have it away these teaching episodes how would I capture this description? Of wholly the things Ive taught, what are the most important concepts and what should be assessed? What is the best tool for capturing this evidence? How bequeath I use this evidence in the future? Is it simply to keep score or pull up stakes it suffer me to reflect on my teaching and my future think? How will I report this evidence and to whom? moldable vs. summational judgingIn general, all tests can fall under one of two major subheadings formative perspicacitys or summative assessments. Formative assessments are those tools teachers use to monitor student performance on an ongoing basis. These can range from something as simple as the daily judgments teachers make about a students oral response to questions that arise in classroom discussions to more formal paper and pencil tests. Summative assessments, on the new(prenominal) hand, gather evidence about cumulative student learning at the end of an activity, unit, marking period or school year. These typefaces of assessments would include, among others, the final exam or the chapter test.Whether they use format ive or summative methods, effective teachers constantly monitor and revise instructional plans based on their students educational progress and needs. sagacity, whether formal or informal, plays a vital part in this ongoing page 1 Elements of an rough-and-ready Teacher-Made political campaign In reflecting on these questions, teachers vex to realize the power of classroom assessment, and that this tool can be as important in the teaching and learning process as class discussions, small concourse activities, or any other teaching strategy. To unleash this power, and to en for certain that classroom instructional time employ to the assessment is utilise wisely, teachers must carefully plan and design the test.A poorly chosen or intentional assessment will fail to provide the evidence of student learning, or worse, will provide delusory information. It is imperative that the teacher employs a systematic process for developing and using the assessment tool. That process should begin with the instructor enquire a few basic but essential questions What am I act to find out about my students learning? (That is, what student/standards/goals/ takingss am I measuring? ) pound On. permits Talk. www. ets. org/letstalk What kind of evidence do I need to show that my students have achieved the goals that Im trying to measure? What kind of assessment will found me that evidence?To respond to these questions, the teacher must consider these elements of the test design process appropriateness relevancy expectations for learning multiple evidence think fairness assessing the assessment Is it Relevant? An assessment job should make sense in terms of the assessment situation as well as the type of knowledge or adroitness thats be assessed. It should also provide relevant information based on what students should have learned in class. For example, it would be inappropriate to ask ninth-grade, French-class students to carry on a conversation in French about the income revenue enhancement system, if it has nonhing to do with what they had learned in French class, and since it probably has no relevance in their lives. that asking them to carry on a discussion in French about a class trip would be very appropriate.Ideally, an assessment should also reflect real-world applications of knowledge and understanding. Although developing such assessments is not always practical, assessments based on situations relevant to students own world experiences can motivate them to put aside their best performances. If they dont understand why they may need to know something, they wont be as likely to do so. Is it Appropriate? If you were to visit your doctor and he or she used a thermometer to determine your blood pressure you strength have cause for concern. Like the classroom test, the checkup thermometer is an evidence-gathering device (to determine ones body temperature).Both the physician and the classroom teacher must select the best d evice based upon the type of evidence it was meant to provide, and not one that provides evidence of something else. What would happen if a teacher decides to use word problems, rather than number problems, to determine whether third-graders know their multiplication facts? One outcome that we might imagine is that the teacher could not be certain if the test was measuring math ability or reading skill. Having to read and understand the questions could get in the way of a student existence able to demonstrate that he or she can, for instance, multiply 8 x 6 and come up with 48. Of course, if the teacher wants to know whether students can apply their multiplication skills to realistic situations, the word problem task would be appropriate and fair.At the same time, the assessment must measure the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities the teacher feels are important and do this in an appropriate way. If the goal is to test for retention of facts, then a cut-and-dried factual test (e. g . , multiple-choice or fillin-the-blank) may be the best assessment choice. On the other hand, measuring students abstract understanding, ability to analyze data, ability to perform tasks, or their collaborative skills would probably require more mazy forms of assessment. What are the Expectations for Learning?Before administering an assessment designed to measure what students have learned in class, teachers need to ask themselves Based on what Ive taught in class, can my students be pass judgment to answer this? If in good lay out completing the assessment requires knowledge or skills that have not been emphasized in class, or that the students are unlikely to have mastered, the assessment will not provide an accurate or fair military rating of whether the students have learned the material. Of course, if the goal is to find out what students already know or understand in the beginninghand a unit of instruction, then a well-thought-out assessment can provide useful informatio n for planning future lessons. Of course, informing future lesson planning should be one of the key uses of any assessment. One Test or Multiple Sources of Evidence? While a single clue at a evil scene might allow a detective to make some assumptions, the judge and jury will probably need a lot more evidence before making a decision about guilt or innocence.As a result, experienced and competent investigators will employ many tools to gather multiple types of evidence from sources such as fingerprints, DNA samples, other physical clues, as well as actual interviews of witnesses and suspects. Similarly, teachers page 2 Log On. Lets Talk. www. ets. org/letstalk should rely on all sorts of options in stock(predicate) to help them gather evidence of their students learning. These range from the informal, day-to-day ways teachers size up their students progress, such as observation and questioning strategies, to traditional paper-and-pencil tests (multiple-choice and shortanswer ones, for example), to more elaborate forms of assessment, such as essays or problem figure out activities.Just as a detective must gather many sources of evidence to build a win over case, so must a teacher use many sources of evidence to accurately interpret what each student really knows and can do. Limiting themselves to using only one or two assessment methods, no matter how true or valuable, limits teachers ability to fully understand the range of their students knowledge and skills. Conversely, providing students with unlike kinds of opportunities to show what they know gives teachers a broader, better understanding of each students talents and abilities. The questions should challenge students to do more than memorize and recall facts. Focus on assessing the most important and meaningful information, rather than small, irrelevant facts.For example, rather than asking, How many vitamins are essential for humans? A. 7 B. 13 C. 15 D. 23, consider asking Name at least seven vitami ns that are essential for humans and explain why they are essential. Never use questions or inconsequential details just to trick students. Create a test blueprint that will clearly describe the important content areas to be tested, the number and type of items that will get at each content area, the scoring value for the items, the length of time for the test administration, and other critical test components. Is it Fair? To be valid, classroom assessments need to be fair.In assessment terms, that means all students must be given an equal chance to show what they know and can do. An assessment is not fair if it measures things unrelated to its objectives is biased Tests should be designed so that they are focused on the instruction that preceded the assessment, and that ensure that testing, teaching and curriculum are all tightly aligned. Bias is said to exist if the assessment includes content that offends or unfairly penalizes test takers because of personal characteristics s uch as gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status, religion, or sexual orientation. mind bias affects validity because it may negatively influence students attitudes toward, and performance on, the assessment.For example, an assessment that includes language or content that offends a specific group of students may hurt the performance of those students by causing them to focus more on the offensive language than on performing at their best. Test takers may also be disadvantaged if the assessment includes content that, although not offensive, assumes prior knowledge likely to be unfamiliar to one particular group of test takers but familiar to another. An obvious example is the need to know something that can only be gained by visiting an art museum, if some groups of students have no personal experience of ever visiting a museum with family or friends. Planning the Assessments Teachers should use the following guidelines when planning any assessment Have the conclusion of the test c learly in mind. Determine what type of assessment will be most appropriate for the situation, based on the nature of what you are teaching, the purpose of the instruction, and what you want to find out. If the purpose of the assessment is to determine how well students have mastered a particular unit of study, make sure the test parallels the work covered in class. And, to be able to discriminate among levels of learning, avoid making the assessment overly difficult or easy. If the assessment is a selected-response or fill-in-the-blank test that will be used to diagnose basic skills, it should contain at least 10 questions preferably more for each skill area.The questions pertaining to each skill area should be considered a subtest, and these subtests should yield separate scores on the several(a) elements needed for mastery of the skill. If the major purpose of the test is to rank a selected group of students in order of their achievement, the questions should cover critical points of learning. Questions on critical points often require understanding implications, applying information, and reorganizing data. page 3 Log On. Lets Talk. www. ets. org/letstalk Tests should be designed to afford students multiple opportunities to tell what they know about a particular subject, not to present them with difficult, if not impossible, tasks.One way to let students shine is to include a subsidy question at the end of the test that asks something like, Take this opportunity to tell me something about this topic that was not included on the test. Other things to consider when poor results are obtained are external, test administration issues e. g. , uncomfortable room temperature, administration right after a long weekend, external noise distractions, unsettling school or community news. One of the most effective ways to improve a classroom assessment is to revue it before administering it. If possible, wait at least one day after the assessment was written bef ore performing the review. Then ask a colleague to review the assessment.As part of this review process, have mortal who did not write the task (a colleague or even a family member) solve the task. Assess the Assessment In assessment, wording is critical. Unclear directions can confuse test takers and negatively affect their responses, which can lead to inaccurate, and therefore useless, information about what the students actually know and can do. Wording in multiple-choice type items is especially important. Being precise in the question and in the options or choices prevents misunderstanding and provides more reliable evidence of what students know. After an assessment has been administered, teachers can ask students how they interpreted the questions, particularly if the questions elicited unexpected results.When assessments give unexpected results for example, the entire class bombs an assessment, or the students responses are not consistent with the type of work the teacher was aspect for its important to take a good hard look at two the assessment and the way it was administered to determine whether it was flawed in some way. Did students who are more able, based on other evidence, do well on the assessment? If not, something might be wrong with it. You might consider analyzing the questions or tasks to make sure each is accurate, valid, fair, and reliable. On the other hand, if the assessment presents a type of task that your students might not be familiar with (e. g. a complex, nonroutine type of problem), students who performed poorly may simply have had difficulty with that particular type of assessment. Did students answer the assessment appropriately but not give the answers you were looking for? Then check to see if the task was well-defined and clearly written. Students cant be expected to give adequate responses if they arent sure what kind of response is expected of them. If the entire class failed the test, it might indicate that the m aterial wasnt taught adequately, or the assessment was so poorly written that the students were unable to apply their knowledge appropriately. During the review, check to see that directions are clear content is accurate questions or tasks are substitute of the topics or skills emphasized during instruction knowledge or skills that were not covered in class are not being unintentionally evaluated the type of assessment used is compatible with the method of instruction used in the classroom and the standard being measured the assessment will contribute to the instructors understanding of what the students know and can do the assessment can be completed in the dish out time the assessment is fair all instances of offensive language, elitism, and bias have been eliminated When teachers begin to analyze assessment results, they should look for two things 1. Does the question or task provide accurate information?Did all the students do poorly on the same question or set of questio ns? Maybe certain questions are enigmatic or misleading, or perhaps the concept is simply not yet well understood by the students and should be retaught. Having students explain why they answered a question in a certain way can be very enlightening to the teacher about whether the problem is in the question (or task), or in students understanding of the concept being assessed. Log On. Lets Talk. www. ets. org/letstalk page 4 2. Each students strengths and weaknesses are they based on his or her patterns or performance? This information can help teachers tailor the next round of instruction to either remedy problems or build on strength.For example, if a particular group of students has difficulty with one set of items that measures a similar set of skills, these students might need extra instruction or a different kind of instruction. Or, if everybody in the class had difficulty with a particular issue that the teacher thought was emphasized in class, then the teacher needs to dete rmine if there was a problem with the instruction and/or material. By taking the time to create fair, focused, and well-thought-out assessments, teachers can have confidence in the evidence gathered and make meaningful judgments about student performance and future instructional plans and decisions. This article was based on the ETS Focus publication Letting Students Shine Assessment to Promote Student Learning. Written by Amada McBride, 1999.